AMD's A6, A8, and A10 APUs combine CPUs and GPUs into a single chip, so PC builders won't need to purchase discrete GPUs to enjoy HD graphics. As an entry-level APU, the A6-3650 performs surprisingly well, managing to produce at least 30 fps in new PC games on lower settings. The A6-3650's adequate performance, low cost, and low TDP make it a good choice for home theater PCs that are mainly used for movies and TV.
1 | AMD A6-3650 |
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2 | Intel Core i5-2310 |
The Core i5-2310 includes integrated graphics, a DDR3 memory controller, and Intel's Smart Cache technology. Like AMD, Intel is integrating more features directly into the CPU to take advantage of faster bandwidth speeds. With Intel HD 2000 graphics, users can browse the Web, type, and watch SD videos simultaneously without any slowdown.
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3 | AMD A8-3870K |
Like the A6-3650, AMD's A8-3870K APU boasts some powerful integrated graphics that free up the computer to stream HD movies and play new PC game releases, tasks that simply aren't possible with standard integrated graphics. Games like 'Far Cry 2' and 'Crysis' are even playable in 1080p with some of the settings turned down, which is impressive for a chip that typically retails for less than dedicated CPUs.
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4 | Intel Core i5-3450S |
With a TDP of just 65 watts, the Intel i5-3450S runs more efficiently than most CPUs, which will keep temperatures low. The integrated graphics have also been improved from HD 2000 to HD 2500 graphics, so everything from video playback to office productivity will run more smoothly.
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5 | Intel Core i7-3820 |
LGA 2011 components typically cost more than their LGA 1155 counterparts, but the LGA 2011 socket Core i7-3820 offers a number of features that more than justify its price premium. Improved bandwidth, quad-channel DDR3 memory support, and additional PCI-e slots make the LGA 2011 platform the fastest on the market. Graphic design and other highly-threaded programs will fun faster on LGA 2011 CPUs, but PC builders who want to build gaming rigs, workstations, or HTPCs should stick with the LGA 1155.
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6 | Intel Core i5-3570K |
Built with the 22 nm manufacturing process, the Intel Core i5-3570K has an acceptable TDP of 77 watts. Improved features include a larger L2 cache, faster clock speeds, and beefier integrated graphics that are capable of playing many new games on low settings. The Core i5-3570K balances performance and cost, making it one of the best general use CPUs still in production.
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7 | AMD Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition |
Although AMD first revealed the Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition back in 2009, it remains a solid processor four years later. PC builders still using AM3 motherboards can receive a significant boost to performance by upgrading to this CPU without paying for a brand new motherboard. With considerable overclocking potential, PC builders can improve performance by 30 percent without installing expensive third party coolers.
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8 | AMD FX-4100 |
The AMD FX-4100 takes over where the Phenom II X4 965 left off. With a higher clock frequency, larger L2 and L3 caches, and improved manufacturing process, the FX-4100 uses less power without sacrificing any performance. However, PC builders will need to upgrade to the AM3+ platform to take advantage of the FX-4100.
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9 | Intel Core i7-3770K |
When performance is the first and only concern, the Intel Core i7-3770K has no equal. Although it comes with HD 4000 integrated graphics, most PC builders who choose this CPU also install discrete graphics cards for HD gaming. Intel's Turbo Boost increases the operating frequency by 400 MHz for additional performance.
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10 | AMD A10-5800K FM2 3.8 GHz |
The AMD A10-5800K is more than capable of handling visually stunning video games like 'Tomb Raider.' With integrated Radeon HD 7660D graphics, the A10-5800K can handle advanced graphical effects like anti-aliasing, high-resolution textures, and HDR lighting. DirectX 11 games can take full advantage of the A10-5800K's processing power to deliver next-generation visuals.
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As of 2016, the majority of personal computers and laptops sold are based on the x86 architecture (despite inroads from Chromebook-style ARM designs, the segment-leading Apple MacBook family remains exclusively x86), while other categories—especially high-volume mobile categories such as smartphones or tablets—are dominated by ARM; at the high end, x86 continues to dominate compute-intensive workstation and cloud computing segments.
Processor | Series Nomenclature | Code Name | Production Date | Supported Features (Instruction Set) | Clock Rate | Socket | Fabri- cation | TDP | Number of Cores | Bus Speed | L1 Cache | L2 Cache | L3 Cache | Overclock Capable |
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4004 | Nov. 15,1971 | 740 kHz | DIP | 10-micron | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
8008 | N/A | N/A | April 1972 | N/A | 200 kHz - 800 kHz | DIP | 10-micron | 1 | 200 kHz | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
8080 | N/A | N/A | April 1974 | N/A | 2 MHz - 3.125 MHz | DIP | 6-micron | 1 | 2 MHz | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
8085 | N/A | N/A | March 1976 | N/A | 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 6 MHz | DIP | 3-micron | 1 | 2 MHz | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
8086 | N/A | N/A | June 8, 1978 | N/A | 10 MHz, 8 MHz, 4.77 MHz | DIP | 3-micron | 1 | 10 MHz, 8 MHz, 4.77 MHz | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
8088 | N/A | N/A | June 1979 | N/A | 8 MHz, 4.77 MHz | DIP | 3-micron | 1 | 8 MHz, 4.77 MHz | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
80286 | N/A | N/A | Feb. 1982 | N/A | 12 MHz, 10 MHz, 6 MHz | DLPP | 1.5-micron | 1 | 12 MHz, 10 MHz, 6 MHz | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
i80386 | DX, SX, SL | N/A | 1985 - 1990 | N/A | 33 MHz, 25 MHz, 20 MHz, 16 MHz | DLPP | 1 - 1.5-micron | 1 | 33 MHz, 25 MHz, 20 MHz, 16 MHz | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
i80486 | DX, SX, DX2, DX4, SL | N/A | 1989 - 1992 | N/A | 25 MHz - 100 MHz | Socket 1, Socket 2, Socket 3 | 1 - 0.6-micron | 1 | 25 MHz - 50 MHz | 8 KiB - 16 KiB | N/A | N/A | ||
Intel Pentium | N/A | P5, P54C, P54CTB, P54CS | 1993 - 1999 | 65 MHz - 250 MHz | Socket 2, Socket 3, Socket 4, Socket 5, Socket 7 | 800 nm - 350 nm | Unknown | 1 | 50 MHz - 66 MHz | 16 KiB | N/A | N/A | ||
Intel Pentium MMX | N/A | P55C, Tillamook | 1996 - 1999 | 120 MHz - 300 MHz | Socket 7 | 350 nm - 250 nm | Unknown | 1 | 60 MHz - 66 MHz | 32 KiB | N/A | N/A | ||
Intel Atom | Z5xx, Z6xx, N2xx, 2xx, 3xx, N4xx, D4xx, D5xx, N5xx, D2xxx, N2xxx | Diamondville, Pineview,Silverthorne,Lincroft,Cedarview,Medfield,Clover Trail | 2008 - 2009 (as Centrino Atom) 2008–present (as Atom) | 800 MHz - 2.13 GHz | Socket PBGA437, Socket PBGA441, Socket micro-FCBGA8 559 | 32 nm, 45 nm | 0.65 W - 13 W | 1, 2 or 4 | 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 667 MHz, 2.5 GT/s | 56 KiB per core | 512 KiB - 1 MiB | N/A | ||
Intel Celeron | 3xx, 4xx, 5xx | Banias, Cedar Mill,Conroe,Coppermine,Covington,Dothan,Mendocino,Northwood,Prescott,Tualatin,Willamette,Yonah,Merom,Penryn,Arrandale,Sandy Bridge,Ivy Bridge,Haswell,Broadwell,Bay Trail-M,Braswell,Skylake | 1998–present | 266 MHz - 3.6 GHz | Slot 1, Socket 370,Socket 478,Socket 479,Socket 495,LGA 775,Socket M,Socket P,FCBGA6,μFC-BGA 956,BGA479,Socket G1,BGA-1288,Socket G2,BGA-1023,Socket G3,BGA-1168, BGA-1364,BGA-1168,FC-BGA 1170, BGA 1356,LGA 1156,LGA 1155,FC-BGA 1170,LGA 1150,LGA 1151,BGA 1440 | 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm, 65 nm, 90 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm, 250 nm | 4 W - 86 W | 1, 2 or 4 | 66 MHz, 100 MHz, 133 MHz, 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 800 MHz | 8 KiB - 64 KiB per core | 0 KiB - 1 MiB | 0 KiB - 2 MiB | ||
Intel Pentium Pro | 52x | P6 | 1995 - 1998 | 150 MHz - 200 MHz | Socket 8 | 350 nm, 500 nm | 29.2 W - 47 W | 1 | 60 MHz, 66 MHz | 16 KiB | 256 KiB, 512 KiB, 1024 KiB | N/A | ||
Intel Pentium II | 52x | Klamath, Deschutes,Tonga,Dixon | 1997 - 1999 | 233 MHz - 450 MHz | Slot 1, MMC-1, MMC-2, Mini-Cartridge | 250 nm, 350 nm | 16.8 W - 38.2 W | 1 | 66 MHz, 100 MHz | 32KiB | 256 KiB - 512 KiB | N/A | ||
Intel Pentium III | 52x, 53x | Katmai, Coppermine, Tualatin | 1999 - 2003 | 450 MHz - 1.4 GHz | Slot 1, Socket 370 | 130 nm, 180 nm, 250 nm | 17 W - 34.5 W | 1 | 100 MHz, 133 MHz | 32 KiB | 256 KiB - 512 KiB | N/A | ||
Intel Xeon | n3xxx, n5xxx, n7xxx | Allendale, Cascades,Clovertown,Conroe,Cranford,Dempsey,Drake,Dunnington,Foster,Gainestown,Gallatin,Harpertown,Irwindale,Kentsfield,Nocona,Paxville,Potomac,Prestonia,Sossaman,Tanner,Tigerton,Tulsa,Wolfdale,Woodcrest | 1998–present | 400 MHz - 4.4 GHz | Slot 2, Socket 603,Socket 604,Socket J,Socket T,Socket B,LGA 1150,LGA 1155,LGA 1156,LGA 1366,LGA 2011 | 45 nm, 65 nm, 90 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm, 250 nm | 16 W - 165 W | Up to 28 Cores | 100 MHz, 133 MHz, 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz, 1333 MHz, 1600 MHz, 4.8 GT/s, 5.86 GT/s, 6.4 GT/s | 8 KiB ~ 64 KiB per core | 256 KiB - 12 MiB | 4 MiB - 16 MiB | ||
Pentium 4 | 5xx, 6xx | Cedar Mill, Northwood,Prescott,Willamette | 2000 - 2008 | 1.3 GHz - 3.8 GHz | Socket 423, Socket 478,LGA 775,Socket T | 65 nm, 90 nm, 130 nm, 180 nm | 21 W - 115 W | 1 /w hyperthreading | 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz | 8 KiB - 16 KiB | 256 KiB - 2 MiB | 2 MiB | ||
Pentium 4 | 5xx, 6xx | Gallatin, | 2000 - 2008 | 3.2 GHz - 3.73 GHz | Socket 478, | 90 nm, 130 nm | 92 W - 115 W | 1 /w hyperthreading | 800 MHz, 1066 MHz | 8 KiB | 512 KiB - 1 MiB | 0 KiB - 2 MiB | ||
Pentium M | 7xx | Banias, | 2003 - 2008 | 800 MHz - 2.266 GHz | Socket 479 | 90 nm, 130 nm | 5.5 W - 27 W | 1 | 400 MHz, 533 MHz | 32 KiB | 1 MiB - 2 MiB | N/A | ||
Pentium D/EE | 8xx, 9xx | Smithfield, | 2005 - 2008 | 2.66 GHz - 3.73 GHz | Socket T | 65 nm, 90 nm | 95 W - 130 W | 2 | 533 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz | 16 KiB per core | 2×1 MiB - 2×2 MiB | N/A | ||
Intel Pentium Dual-Core | E2xxx, E3xxx, E5xxx, T2xxx, T3xxx | Allendale, Penryn,Wolfdale,Yonah | 2006 - 2009 | 1.6 GHz - 2.93 GHz | Socket 775, Socket M,Socket P,Socket T | 45 nm, 65 nm | 10 W - 65 W | 2 | 533 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz | 64 KiB per core | 1 MiB - 2 MiB | N/A | ||
Intel Pentium (2009) | E2xx0, E5xxx, E6xxx, T2xxx, T3xx, T4xxx, SU2xxx, SU4xxx, G69xx, P6xxx, U5xxx, G6xx, G8xx, B9xx, G2xxx, 2xxx, G3xxx, 3xxx, J2xx0, J3xxx, N3xxx, G4xx0, 4xxx | Penryn, Wolfdale,Clarkdale,Sandy Bridge,Ivy Bridge,Haswell,Bay Trail-D,Braswell,Skylake | 2009–present | 1.2 GHz - 3.33 GHz | Socket 775, Socket P,Socket T,LGA 1156,LGA 1155,LGA 1150,LGA 1151 | 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm, 65 nm | 2.9 W - 73 W | 1 or 2 | 800 MHz, 1066 MHz, 2.5GT/s, 5 GT/s | 64 KiB per core | 2x256 KiB - 2 MiB | 0 KiB - 3 MiB | ||
Intel Core | Txxxx, Lxxxx, Uxxxx | Yonah | 2006 - 2008 | 1.06 GHz - 2.33 GHz | Socket M | 65 nm | 5.5 W - 49 W | 1 or 2 | 533 MHz, 667 MHz | 64 KiB per core | 2 MiB | N/A | ||
Intel Core 2 | Uxxxx, Lxxxx, Exxxx, Txxxx, P7xxx, Xxxxx, Qxxxx, QXxxxx | Allendale, Conroe,Merom,Penryn,Kentsfield,Wolfdale,Yorkfield | 2006 - 2011 | intel core quad | 1.06 GHz - 3.33 GHz | Socket 775, Socket M,Socket P,Socket J,Socket T | 45 nm, 65 nm | 5.5 W - 150 W | 1, 2 or 4 | 533 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 1066 MHz, 1333 MHz, 1600 MHz | 64 KiB per core | 1 MiB - 12 MiB | N/A | |
Intel Core i3 | i3-xxx, i3-2xxx, i3-3xxx, i3-4xxx, i3-61xx, i3-63xx | Arrandale, Clarkdale,Sandy Bridge,Ivy Bridge,Haswell, Skylake, Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake | 2010–present | 1.2 GHz - 3.7 GHz | LGA 1156, LGA 1155, LGA 1150, LGA 1151 | 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm | 35 W - 73 W | 2 /w hyperthreading | 1066 MHz, 1600 MHz, 2.5 - 5 GT/s | 64 KiB per core | 256 KiB | 3 MiB - 4 MiB | ||
Intel Core i5 | i5-7xx, i5-6xx, i5-2xxx, i5-3xxx, i5-4xxx, i5-64xx, i5-65xx, i5-66xx, i5-74xx, i5-75xx, i5-76xx, i5-84xx, i5-85xx, i586xx | Arrandale, Clarkdale,Clarksfield,Lynnfield,Sandy Bridge,Ivy Bridge,Haswell, Broadwell, Skylake, Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake | 2009–present | 1.06 GHz - 4.2 GHz | LGA 1156, LGA 1155, LGA 1150, LGA 1151 | 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm | 17 W - 95 W | 2 /w hyperthreading, 4 | 2.5 - 5 GT/s | 64 KiB per core | 256 KiB | 4 MiB - 8 MiB | ||
Intel Core i7 | i7-6xx, i7-7xx, i7-8xx, i7-9xx, i7-2xxx, i7-37xx, i7-38xx, i7-47xx, i7-48xx, i7-58xx, i7-59xx, i7-67xx, i7-68xx, i7-69xx, i7-7700K | Bloomfield, Nehalem,Clarksfield,Clarksfield XM,Lynnfield,Sandy Bridge, Sandy Bridge-E, Ivy Bridge, Ivy Bridge-E, Haswell, Haswell Refresh, Devil‘s Canyon, Broadwell, Skylake, Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake | 2008–present | 1.6 GHz - 4.4 GHz | LGA 1156, LGA 1155,LGA 1366,LGA 2011,LGA 1150,LGA 1151 | 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm, 45 nm | 45 W - 130 W | 4, 4 /w hyperthreading, 8 | 4.8 GT/s, 6.4 GT/s | 64 KiB per core | 4×256 KiB | 6 MiB - 10 MiB | ||
Intel Core i7 (Extreme Edition) | i7-970, i7-980, i7-980x, i7-990x, i7-39xx, i7-49xx, i7-5820K, i7-59xx, i7-6800K, i7-6850K, i7-6900K, i7-6950X, (i5-7640X), i7-7740X, i7-7820X | Gulftown, Sandy Bridge-E, Ivy Bridge-E, Haswell-E, Broadwell-E, Skylake, Kaby Lake | 2011–present | 3.0 GHz - 4.0 GHz | LGA 1366, LGA 2011,LGA 2011-v3, LGA 2066 | 14 nm, 22 nm, 32 nm | 130 W - 150 W | 4, 6, 8 or 10 (with hyperthreading) | 2.5GT/s - 6.4 GT/s | 64 KiB per core | 6x256 KiB | 12 MiB - 20 MiB | Yes | |
Intel Core I9 | i9-9900K, i9-9900, i9-9900T, i9-9880H, i9-9980HK, 8950HK | Coffee Lake | 2018-present | 3.0 Ghz - 4.0 Ghz | LGA 1151 | 14 nm | 45 W - 95 W | 6 - 8 | 8 GT/s | 512 KiB | 2 MiB | 16 MiB | Some | |
Intel Core i9 (Extreme Edition) | i9-7900X, i9-7920X, i9-7940X, i9-7960X, i9-7980XE | Kaby Lake Cascade Lake | Q3 2017-present | 2.90 GHz- 4.30 GHz | LGA 2066 | 14 nm | 140 W - 165 W | 10-18 (with hyperthreading) | 8 GT/s | 64 KiB per core | 1 MiB per core | 13.75MiB-24.75MiB | Yes | |
Processor | Series Nomenclature | Code Name | Production Date | Supported Features (Instruction Set) | Clock Rate | Socket | Fabri- cation | TDP | Number of Cores | Bus Speed | L1 Cache | L2 Cache | L3 Cache | Overclock Capable |
What is hyperthreading? Hyperthreading is a feature that allows each CPU core to emulate two cores at once, or threads. On some Xeon Phi processors, Intel supports four-way hyperthreading, effectively quadrupling the number of threads. Prior to the Coffee Lake architecture, Core i3 and i7 supported hyperthreading. Post Coffee Lake, increased core counts mean that hyperthreading is not needed for Core i3, as it now has four physical cores. Core i7, no longer supports hyperthreading, instead, now higher performing core i9s will support hyperthreading. Some Intel Pentiums support hyperthreading, but low-end Celerons do not.
Produced | From 2006 to 2009 |
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Max. CPUclock rate | 1.3 GHz to 3.4 GHz |
FSB speeds | 533 MHz to 800 MHz |
Min. feature size | 65 nm to 45 nm |
Instruction set | MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, x86-64 |
Microarchitecture | Core |
Cores | 2 |
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Predecessor | Pentium M, Pentium D |
Successor | Pentium (2009) |
The Pentium Dual-Core brand was used for mainstream x86-architecture microprocessors from Intel from 2006 to 2009 when it was renamed to Pentium. The processors are based on either the 32-bit Yonah or (with quite different microarchitectures) 64-bit Merom-2M, Allendale, and Wolfdale-3M core, targeted at mobile or desktop computers.
In terms of features, price and performance at a given clock frequency, Pentium Dual-Core processors were positioned above Celeron but below Core and Core 2 microprocessors in Intel's product range. The Pentium Dual-Core was also a very popular choice for overclocking, as it can deliver high performance (when overclocked) at a low price.
In 2006, Intel announced a plan[1] to return the Pentium trademark from retirement to the market, as a moniker of low-cost Core microarchitecture processors based on the single-core Conroe-L but with 1 MiB of cache. The identification numbers for those planned Pentiums were similar to the numbers of the latter Pentium Dual-Core microprocessors, but with the first digit '1', instead of '2', suggesting their single-core functionality. A single-core Conroe-L with 1 MiB cache was deemed as not strong enough to distinguish the planned Pentiums from the Celerons, so it was replaced by dual-coreCPUs, adding 'Dual-Core' to the line's name. Throughout 2009, Intel changed the name back from Pentium Dual-Core to Pentium in its publications. Some processors were sold under both names, but the newer E5400 through E6800 desktop and SU4100/T4x00 mobile processors were not officially part of the Pentium Dual-Core line.
Intel Pentium Dual-Core processor family | |||||||
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Original Logo | Rebranded Logo | Desktop | Laptop | ||||
Code-named | Core | Date released | Code-named | Core | Date released | ||
Allendale Wolfdale | dual (65 nm) dual (45 nm) | Jun 2007 Aug 2008 | Yonah Merom Penryn | dual (65 nm) dual (65 nm) dual (45 nm) | Jan 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2008 | ||
List of Intel Pentium Dual-Core microprocessors |
The first processors using the brand appeared in notebook computers in early 2007. Those processors, named Pentium T2060, T2080, and T2130,[2] had the 32-bit Pentium M-derived Yonah core, and closely resembled the Core Duo T2050 processor with the exception of having 1 MB of L2 cache instead of 2 MB. All three of them had a 533 MHz FSB connecting the CPU with the memory. Intel developed the Pentium Dual-Core at the request of laptop manufacturers.[3]
Subsequently, on June 3, 2007, Intel released the desktop Pentium Dual-Core branded processors[4] known as the Pentium E2140 and E2160.[5] An E2180 model was released later in September 2007. These processors support the Intel 64 extensions, being based on the newer, 64-bit Allendale core with Core microarchitecture. These closely resembled the Core 2 Duo E4300 processor with the exception of having 1 MB of L2 cache instead of 2 MB.[2] Both of them had an 800 MHz FSB. They targeted the budget market above the IntelCeleron (Conroe-L single-core series) processors featuring only 512 KB of L2 cache. Such a step marked a change in the Pentium brand, relegating it to the budget segment rather than its former position as the mainstream/premium brand.[6]These CPUs are highly overclockable.[7]
The mobile version of the Allendale processor, the Merom-2M, was also introduced in 2007, featuring 1MB of L2 cache but only 533 MT/s FSB with the T23xx processors. The bus clock was subsequently raised to 667 MT/s with the T3xxx Pentium processors that are made from the same dies.
The 45 nm E5200 model was released by Intel on August 31, 2008, with a larger 2MB L2 cache over the 65 nm E21xx series and the 2.5 GHz clock speed. The E5200 model is also a highly overclockable processor, with many reaching over 3.75 GHz clock speed using just the stock Intel cooler. Intel released the E6500K model using this core. The model features an unlocked multiplier, but was only sold in China.
The Penryn core is the successor to the Merom core and Intel's 45 nm version of their mobile series of Pentium Dual-Core microprocessors. The FSB is increased from 667 MHz to 800 MHz and the voltage is lowered. Intel released the first Penryn based Pentium Dual-Core, the T4200, in December 2008. Later, mobile Pentium T4000, SU2000 and SU4000 processors based on Penryn were marketed as Pentium.
The Pentium Dual-Core brand has been discontinued in early 2010 and replaced by the Pentium name. The Desktop E6000 series and the OEM-only mobile Pentium SU2000 and all later models were always called Pentium, but the Desktop Pentium Dual-Core E2000 and E5000 series processors had to be rebranded.
Although using the Pentium name, the desktop Pentium Dual-Core is based on the Core microarchitecture, which can clearly be seen when comparing the specification to the Pentium D, which is based on the NetBurst microarchitecture first introduced in the Pentium 4. Below the 2 or 4 MiB of shared-L2-cache-enabled Core 2 Duo, the desktop Pentium Dual-Core has 1 or 2 MiB of shared L2 Cache. In contrast, the Pentium D processors have either 2 or 4 MiB of non-shared L2 cache. Additionally, the fastest-clocked Pentium D has a factory boundary of 3.73 GHz, while the fastest-clocked desktop Pentium Dual-Core reaches 3.2 GHz. A major difference among these processors is that the desktop Pentium Dual Core processors have a TDP of only 65 W while the Pentium D ranges between 95 and 130 W. Despite the reduced clock speed, and lower amounts of cache, Pentium dual-core outperformed Pentium D by a fairly large margin.